PRINCIPLES OF Water Chemistry

Problem (100 points): A water solution contains 10^-3 M NaHCO₃, 10^-2 M HCl, and 10^-2 M NaOH. Assuming ideal system:

1. Identify all possible chemical species present at equilibrium
2. Write all relevant chemical reactions involved and their corresponding equilibrium constant equations and values (the K_eq values should be in lecture notes, textbook, etc.)
3. Write all relevant mass balance equations
4. Write the charge balance equation
5. Determine the narrowest range of pH for this solution using the excel spreadsheet approach
6. For the same solution, use the protonation sequence approach to identify the potential dominant species.
7. Prepare a TABLEAU using the determined dominant species as components
8. Determine the proton condition equation.
9. Prepare a log C – pH diagram and determine the equilibrium pH (as intersection of LHS and RHS) as well as the concentrations of all species at the determined pH.
10. Using MINTEQ, solve the same problem and:
    1. Report (i) the pH (include the screenshot) and (ii) the concentrations and activities of all species you have listed under the above step-1 (in this case, export to excel and include in the report as edited table).
    2. For relevant species, compare the concentrations obtained with MINTEQ to those determined in the above step 9.
    3. Finally, determine the activity coefficient () for each of the species identified in step-1.

Please note that for this step 10, you are expected to present your results as a written report describing each step used and including screenshots of relevant MINTEQ screens.